Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the chemical formula FeTiO3. It is the primary source of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment widely used in the production of paints, coatings, plastics, and paper. Ilmenite is typically found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and is often mined from heavy mineral sands deposits. The extraction and processing of ilmenite involve several stages, including mining, beneficiation, and chemical processing to produce high-purity titanium dioxide. In the paint and coatings industry, titanium dioxide derived from ilmenite is valued for its high refractive index, excellent opacity, and UV resistance, making it an essential ingredient for achieving bright, durable, and long-lasting finishes. In the plastics industry, titanium dioxide is used as a whitening agent and UV stabilizer to enhance the appearance and durability of plastic products. Additionally, titanium dioxide is used in the production of paper to improve brightness, opacity, and printability. Beyond its use as a pigment, ilmenite is also a source of titanium metal, which is used in aerospace, medical, and industrial applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. The diverse applications and valuable properties of ilmenite make it a critical mineral in modern manufacturing and technology.
